What is an Acromion Fracture?
An acromion fracture is a break in the acromion, the bony tip at the top of the shoulder blade (scapula). This part of the bone forms the roof of the shoulder joint and helps protect the rotator cuff while allowing smooth shoulder movement.
What Causes Acromion Fracture?
An acromion fracture is usually caused by forces that place sudden or repeated stress on the shoulder. Common causes include:
- Direct trauma to the shoulder from falls, road traffic accidents, or sports injuries
- Indirect injury, such as falling on an outstretched hand
- Repetitive overuse or stress, especially in athletes or manual laborers
- High-impact activities or collisions
- Weak bone conditions, such as osteoporosis, which increase fracture risk
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Acromion Fracture?
The signs and symptoms of an acromion fracture typically involve pain and limited shoulder function. Common symptoms include:
- Pain at the top of the shoulder, especially with movement
- Swelling and tenderness over the shoulder area
- Bruising or visible deformity in some cases
- Restricted shoulder movement or difficulty lifting the arm
- Pain when lying on the affected side
- Weakness in the shoulder or arm
How is an Acromion Fracture Diagnosed?
An acromion fracture is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging tests:
- Medical history and physical examination to assess pain, tenderness, swelling, and shoulder movement
- X-rays of the shoulder to identify the fracture and check alignment
- CT scan for detailed bone assessment, especially if the fracture is complex or not clearly visible on X-rays
- MRI may be used to evaluate associated soft-tissue injuries, such as rotator cuff damage
Accurate diagnosis helps determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
How is an Acromion Fracture Treated?
Treatment for an acromion fracture depends on the fracture type, displacement, and symptoms:
- Conservative treatment: Most non-displaced fractures are treated with rest, a sling or shoulder immobilizer, pain relief medications, and gradual physical therapy once pain subsides.
- Surgical treatment: Displaced fractures, fractures causing shoulder impingement, or those not healing properly may require surgery using plates, screws, or wires to stabilize the bone. Healing usually takes 6–12 weeks, followed by rehabilitation to restore shoulder strength, flexibility, and range of motion.
